MTL - I-Chapter 1009 1005 [World of Great Controversy]
Chapter 1009 1005 [The World of Great Controversy]
The Second Anglo-Dutch War was not limited to Europe, America and Africa also had battlefields.
A British naval expedition... Well, actually a group of pirates, they have long been entrenched in the Caribbean islands. After receiving the order of Charles II, the pirates immediately attacked New Amsterdam and renamed it after the occupation - New York!
At the same time, the British Royal African Company began to attack the West African colonies in an attempt to seize the ivory, slaves and gold trade from the Dutch.
On the main battlefield in Europe, the United Kingdom dispatched more than a hundred warships, 4,200 large and small artillery pieces, and a force of 22,000 troops.
This was brought about by Charles II’s efforts to sell iron. At the same time, he also had the family property saved by Cromwell. Of course, the enthusiastic investment of the Dutch businessman was indispensable.
The port of Amsterdam was blocked by the British Navy for half a month. The Dutch industry and commerce were already in decline, but the port was blocked again. Prices in the capital soared to the point of starvation.
Then, Britain withdrew its troops...
All decent ships in the UK were refitted as warships to go to war, which resulted in not enough food ships, and the navy had to go back to China for supplies when they ran out of food.
The Netherlands took the opportunity to recover, and the big businessmen negotiated urgently and decided to grit their teeth to raise military expenses. First solve the problem of the Dutch Navy's military pay, and then assemble the fleet to start a counterattack, and finally the two sides fought in the Lowestoft sea area.
In the history of human naval warfare, battle line tactics are used in actual combat for the first time.
This thing has been proposed before, but the British Navy first adopted it, but the initial performance was not perfect.
The British navy had the upper hand and lined up. The Dutch navy hastily responded to the battle, and its formation was in a mess. The two sides drove past each other, and because the British were not familiar with tactics, they forgot about the battle line.
Eventually it turned into a big fight, with warships entangled with each other, but the Dutch were more chaotic than the British.
Fighting until the afternoon, the Dutch flagship exploded, and the British army won a complete victory.
The Netherlands lost 18 warships and more than 5,000 sailors and soldiers, but the main force still managed to escape from the battlefield.
Two months later, fighting broke out again.
This time the Netherlands issued a wartime mobilization order to mobilize a large number of armed merchant ships to participate in the war. The British lost several warships, but the main force retreated safely, and captured more than a dozen Dutch merchant ships fleeing the wind and waves on the way home.
Another two months later, the third battle started.
Historically, the British navy has always had the upper hand. As a result, the Black Death broke out in the country, and more than 100,000 people died in London alone. Since then, the situation has reversed, and Britain eventually lost the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
Now the war is two years ahead of schedule, the Black Death has not broken out in London, and the British Navy has been fighting against the Netherlands.
The Netherlands launched an emergency diplomatic operation and formed an anti-British alliance with Denmark.
Because France was married to Britain, it was inconvenient for Louis XIV to intervene forcibly. However, the Sun King is a bad guy, and secretly sent supplies to the Netherlands, instigating the Netherlands to fight the UK to the end.
Britain went to Portugal for help, but the young king of Portugal was paralyzed and mentally ill. The king couldn't make the decision, a group of nobles argued endlessly, and finally agreed to form an alliance with Britain, but they were only willing to cheer for Britain from the sidelines.
More and more Dutch merchants are awakening and taking the initiative to join the battle with armed merchant ships. The four-year tug-of-war between Britain and the Netherlands began.
Both sides have run out of food, and they are frantically buying food from other countries. Merchants took the opportunity to drive up prices, causing food prices in Europe to rise sharply, and people in various countries suffered unspeakably.
French and Spanish grain merchants took the opportunity to make a fortune selling grain.
Finally, it was still delayed until the outbreak of the Black Death in London, and Britain's fragile finances completely collapsed.
The Netherlands is not much better, the country is full of hungry people, overseas trade is seriously damaged, and the Dutch East India Company is heavily in debt.
But Charles II was tough, or in other words, the monarchy was more suitable for war. Under the pressure of the Black Death in London, he continued to send troops to blockade Dutch ports, patrol key sea areas, and rob Dutch merchant ships when he saw them.
If it continues to drag on, Britain will definitely be unable to hold on first, but the weakness of merchants has affected the war.
The Dutch businessmen don't want to fight any more. If they continue to fight, the Netherlands may win, but many of them will go bankrupt!
At this time, France and Spain fought, and the battlefield was in the Spanish Netherlands, which frightened Britain and the Netherlands to immediately negotiate a truce.
Charles II opened his mouth wide, and the Dutch bargained.
The content of the Armistice Treaty is roughly as follows: New York in North America and Suriname in South America, these two Dutch colonies, were all ceded to the United Kingdom. At the same time, the United Kingdom agreed to amend the "Navigation Regulations" and no longer make trouble for the Netherlands.
Then, a dramatic scene came.
Britain and the Netherlands fought to the death and suddenly announced an alliance. Moreover, Sweden was also involved, and the three countries formed an anti-French alliance, demanding that France return Spanish territory.
But King Philip IV of Spain died of illness, and Louis XIV claimed that his wife's dowry was not enough. Now the King of Spain is dead, and his wife is a Spanish princess, who has the right to inherit the Spanish throne. The wife is willing to give up the throne, and together with the insufficient dowry, Spain just needs to compensate for a piece of land.
That piece of land is the Spanish Netherlands, which is roughly equivalent to Belgium and Luxembourg later.
France quickly dispatched troops, taking advantage of the unstable foothold of the new Spanish king, and easily swallowed the Spanish Netherlands.
Before Spain responded, Britain and the Netherlands exploded.
France swallowed that territory, the Netherlands is equal to being made dumplings, and may be annexed by France at any time. Even if France doesn't do anything, the Netherlands will live in trepidation.
Britain is displeased with France funding the Netherlands to fight the war, and fears that France will continue to grow.
Sweden is simply inexplicable, and even got involved, forming a tripartite anti-French alliance with Britain and the Netherlands.
Louis XIV ignored it and continued to attack Spain, occupying Comté and other areas, which made Spain negotiate peace with Portugal.
What does this have to do with Portugal?
Louis XIV married his cousin to the fool king of Portugal, and gave a large dowry to instigate Portugal to attack Spain. The queen married from France had an affair with the idiot king's younger brother and jointly took control of the power in Portugal. She even really wanted to go to war with Spain.
Spain saw that something was wrong, not only chose to negotiate a peace, but also officially recognized the independence of Portugal.
Due to the establishment of the Anti-French Alliance, France also started peace talks with Spain, giving up the occupied Spanish mainland, but retaining control of some cities in the Spanish Netherlands.
France thus stabilized the northern border, but the conflict with the Netherlands has completely intensified.
As for the United Kingdom, although it is allied with the Netherlands against France, it is secretly preparing for the third Anglo-Dutch war. At that time, Britain will pull France to fight against the Netherlands. Charles II and Louis XIV are just that bad.
In any case, this series of wars has severely damaged Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
In India, the Dutch have no temper in the face of China, and even bow down to King Jin.
They were afraid that if they were not careful, China would suddenly go to war and occupy the Dutch colony in Ceylon. Knowing the situation in Europe, China took the opportunity to ask for commercial benefits, and obtained the same commercial privileges as the Netherlands in India and Ceylon.
In America, the rule of the Spanish royal family was completely out of control, the Chinese trade fleet swaggered past, and smuggling was completely open. And the fake show was real. The Luzon Navy went to Cebu Island for a tour, and fired a few cannonballs as a meeting ceremony.
Governor Palefort, who was far away in Mexico, was frightened to reduce the commission for Chinese merchant ships, and the profits of Li Quan's Four Seas Trading Company soared by 5%.
Spain and the Netherlands are in complete decline, Britain is licking its wounds, and France has become the hegemon of the European continent. China can earn a little more money without doing anything, and I can't wait for the European countries to fight a few more games.
As for India, the two brothers, the Mughal emperor and the Bengal emperor, went militaristically and crazily expanded, and both eventually led to bad results.
There are frequent uprisings in their country, and they don’t want to do anything all year round, they are busy leading troops to quell the chaos.
Especially in Afghanistan, the chiefs of various ministries fought guerrillas with the Mughals in the mountains, causing the Mughals to give up their right to rule Afghanistan.
Then, a civil war broke out among chiefs in Afghanistan, and those chiefs wanted to be kings themselves.
After losing the territory of Afghanistan, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb became more and more angry, so he attacked the Golkonda country in the south with all his strength.
The two sides fought back and forth, and the rebels on both sides also fought back and forth with the government forces.
In order to obtain war funds and intensify the exploitation of Hindus, the Golkonda Kingdom has three territories in succession, and the Hindu princes declared independence. One of the sites, next to the state of Jin, even chose to be loyal to the king of Jin in order to resist the counterattack of the Golconda sultan.
The country of Oman in the Arabian Peninsula has started a rapid expansion mode. From the Gulf of Aden to Kenya, all of them have become the territory of Oman, and the Portuguese were beaten to the ground.
The wise emperor of Persia died, and his son succeeded him. He was addicted to alcohol and drank in the palace all day long. The power of the Persian Empire fell into the hands of eunuchs. The border of Persia has been continuously invaded by Central Asian tribes, and the land has been lost bit by bit.
The Ottoman Empire ended the Queen's Era, and the 80-year-old veteran presided over the overall situation, restored the central power and the combat effectiveness of the troops, and expanded wildly towards the surrounding areas again. In particular, the overseas territories of Venice were occupied by the Ottomans one by one, and the Ottoman Empire was planning to attack Austria.
Russia fought Ottoman badly, unable to expand to Siberia at all.
Nanjing, Forbidden City.
Zhao Han said to Baykov, who was on his second mission to China: "Go back and tell Emperor Luocha to let him abandon the Yenisei Warlord Area as soon as possible, otherwise there will be endless wars waiting for him, and I will fight until the end of the war." Volga!"
Baykov prostrated himself on the ground: "Your Majesty the Great Emperor, if China claims the Lake Baikal region, I will return to Moscow to convey it to His Majesty the Tsar, and mediate the truce negotiations from it. But it is impossible for Russia to give up the Yenisei River Basin." If possible, the Russians will fight to the end!"
"Lake Baikal?" Zhao Han sneered, "It is already China's North Sea, and there is Osinsk not far to the west. Only by occupying it can China completely control the North Sea. Counting the time, the Beihai Protectorate should have dispatched troops Well, maybe when you go back, Osinsk has already changed its Chinese name. Take Osinsk, then Upper Lusk and Ust-Kut. "
Baykov lay on the ground, his expression almost desperate.
Damn the Ottomans, expanding like mad dogs, dragging all the Russian troops to the border, it is impossible to transfer to the Yenisei area to fight.
Ottoman is a mad dog, China is also a mad dog, Russia has to face two mad dogs at the same time.
Zhao Han said with a smile: "I have sent an envoy to visit Osman. I heard that Prime Minister Osman is an old minister who is almost 90 years old. I really admire him from the bottom of his heart. With such a wise old minister, I am willing to Ally with the Ottomans."
Baykov was dumbfounded when he heard that, Ottoman and China formed an alliance, is there still a way for Russia to survive?
(end of this chapter)
