MTL - Into Unscientific-Chapter 410 One of the most mysterious laboratories in China (8.6K)
Chapter 410 One of the most mysterious laboratories in China (8.6K)
Speaking of the word 'scientific research'.
Most people will associate another word in their minds:
【Scientific research base】.
Whether it is in film and television works or literary works, almost every country will set up various mysterious bases.
For example, the so-called hidden dragon base,
TPC headquarters,
Dingxiang Building and so on.
But in reality.
Although it is not as mysterious as it is said in literature, underground bases do exist.
For example, the most famous one is the Italian Gran Sasso Deep Underground Laboratory, abbreviated as LNGS.
Nicknamed old lady to make trouble.
My old lady is making trouble, the environmental conditions of the Gran Sasso laboratory are very good, even ranking among the top in the world.
The flux of cosmic rays is one millionth of that of the ground, and the radioactive parameters are one thousandth of that of the ground. The total experimental area is 17,300 square meters.
It is also an important laboratory in the world for the study of matter stability, solar neutrinos and primitive magnetic monopole research, as well as a large number of interdisciplinary research projects.
Except for LNGS.
The well-known Dussel Deep Underground Laboratory across the sea.
It is an extension of Homestake's underground laboratory, located across the sea in an abandoned mine in Black Hills, South Dakota.
The estimated depth after completion is about 2300m.
Another example is Neon's Shenan. Kamioka Laboratory.
This laboratory is also an old acquaintance of the last book. Well, the old acquaintances of the rabbits.
Its neutrino experiment detector has a diameter of 33 meters and is composed of 11,000+ photomultiplier tubes. The experiment needs to be loaded with 50,000 tons of pure water to detect normally.
Even with such a large device, the number of hundreds of trillions of neutrinos per day can only capture a dozen, and occasionally break two.
Its highest peak recorded on December 13, 2015, when thirty-one neutrinos were captured on that day.
So that day, the Kamioka neutrino experiment held a wave of friendship celebrations, BBQ and girls.
After drinking and eating, there was a wave of x-person activities involving more than 20 people, and it was exposed on the Internet.
The x-person movement is quite unpopular in the next door, especially when such a thing breaks out in the system, it can be called a scandal.
After all, not everyone is Hilton’s big princess, who can sell videos of herself applauding for love online.
So it was the third day of setting a record.
More than half of this group of people took the blame and resigned, and it was a standard press conference + collective bow.
The Spirit of Craftsmanship.JPG.
Do you think this is the end of the matter?
In fact, there is still a follow-up.
Although the life of this group of scientific researchers is a bit chaotic, they lost their minds after drinking, and their skills are not low to be honest—many discoveries of neutrinos were made by Neon people.
Under such circumstances, such a group of top scientific researchers flowed out of the system, which attracted the attention of other countries almost instantly.
According to rumors in the industry, these people were divided up by Eagle, Rabbit and Bear in about two months.
So if you set your mind to it you will find out.
From 2015 onwards.
Many institutions of Eagle Rabbit often have the signatures of co-authors of Neon people on the first or second work of neutrino-related papers.
All right.
Closer to home.
In addition to the above several underground laboratories.
Maple Leaf Country, Gaul and other countries also have their own underground laboratories.
As a country that intends to develop scientific research capabilities, Rabbit naturally has a similar underground laboratory.
Among them, the most mysterious and representative
It is undoubtedly the first underground laboratory in China:
Extremely Deep Underground Dark Matter Laboratory in Jinping.
Mentioned earlier.
At present, the physics community generally believes that although the total mass of dark matter is very large, its force is negligible.
In daily life, it hardly interacts with ordinary matter—because there is no electromagnetic interaction.
That is to say.
Even if countless dark matter passes through your body every day, you can't perceive it.
so what.
In order to directly detect dark matter, scientists designed a clever experiment:
Let atomic nuclei collide with dark matter, and study dark matter by detecting the signal generated by the collision.
But on the ground, it’s not just the ubiquitous cosmic rays.
There are also a lot of strange things such as various radiations and mobile phone signals generated in life.
These things seriously interfere with the detection of dark matter, making it difficult to effectively identify the signals produced by collisions.
So in this case.
Jinping Extremely Deep Underground Dark Matter Laboratory was established.
This laboratory is hidden deep in the Jinpingshan Tunnel on the banks of the Yalong River in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The vertical rock cover thickness is as high as 2,400 meters, and it consists of two eight-kilometer-long internal tunnels.
Inside the laboratory.
The cosmic ray flux is only one hundred millionth of that on the ground, and the experimental environment has reached the cleanliness of class 100 and class 1000.
It is also the "four most" underground laboratories with the largest space, the deepest coverage, the best shielding level, and the most complete supporting facilities in the world.
Of course.
needs explanation.
The so-called [2400 meters underground] of Jinping Underground Laboratory does not refer to the horizontal ground, but refers to the rock covering thickness as high as 2400 meters above—similar to opening up a space inside the highest peak of Mount Qingcheng for research.
Actually not only the Jinping underground laboratory.
The 1700-meter underground laboratory in other foreign countries also refers to the vertical rock cover thickness.
For example, the Dussel Deep Underground Laboratory across the sea mentioned earlier, its depth also refers to the thickness of the rock layer.
It's just because of the exaggeration of some half-knowledgeable marketing accounts, and it has become 2400 meters below the horizontal ground.
Actually think about it.
The area of this kind of laboratory starts at tens of thousands of square meters, and it is equipped with various sophisticated equipment.
If it is really built deep in the ground, not to mention the difficulty, the cost of light will be extremely high.
Therefore, when you go to the laboratory, you don’t need to achieve any vertical elevator, as long as you reach the entrance of the tunnel, you can walk in—provided that you can pass each level first.
Of course.
This kind of checkpoint is aimed at ordinary people. In front of Lao Wang and his team of academicians, the so-called checkpoint is almost equal to nothing.
So fast.
Under the leadership of Ji Xiangdong.
More than 20 people successfully entered the Jinping underground laboratory.
As a result, I just walked into Gate 1.
In front of everyone, a huge arched tunnel with a height of more than ten meters and a width of nearly twenty meters appeared.
At the same time, unlike other tunnels for vehicles, the interior decoration of this tunnel is very delicate. The ground and walls are smooth and silvery white, and there is no trace of exposed concrete.
"At present, there are eight underground laboratories in the world with a depth of more than 1,000 meters. Our laboratory has the highest vertical depth."
Because the laboratory covers a wide area, it takes a lot of time to walk, so Ji Xiangdong consciously acts as a tour guide:
"The total length of this tunnel is eight kilometers, the vertical height is 17.5 meters, and a large number of special coatings are used to seal it."
"Our laboratory was officially unveiled at the end of 2010. In 2016, it was included in the "13th Five-Year Plan" for major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and then the surrounding area became lively."
Ji Xiangdong bit heavily on the word "lively", and Lu Chaoyang at the side quickly understood what he meant:
"Professor Ji, after that, there have been a lot of so-called 'tourists' around?"
"That's right, a crop is like leeks."
Ji Xiangdong nodded, thought for a moment, and gave an example:
"It was probably around 16 years ago. At that time, a game called "Pokemongo" was released on the Internet."
"This game is very popular among young people. It is roughly a mode of capturing elves offline through AR technology. In some places, some self-owned varieties will be created."
"The game was very popular at the time, and then it was a 'coincidental' that a lot of rare Pokémon were spawned in the surrounding area of our laboratory."
"So it was so lively at the time, those who didn't know thought that Jiangnan was retreating with us to write the finale of Dragon Clan."
Ji Xiangdong spoke lightly, but no one laughed at the scene.
Although old academicians like Mr. Wang may not know much about Pokémon and rare species due to their age.
But their life experience is a vivid history of the struggle of the technology industry. In the past few years, they have seen various means of foreigners.
These methods are soft and hard, covering all aspects of life.
So they may be a little out of touch cognitively, but they can fully understand what Ji Xiangdong wants to express emotionally.
After Ji Xiangdong paused, he continued:
"More than a year ago, our laboratory pushed the measurement range of the key nuclear celestial reaction 19F20Ne to the lowest energy region in the world, and for the first time revealed the mystery of calcium abundance in the oldest stars in the universe. Everyone should know about this Right?” (doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05230-x)
This time.
Many old academicians also nodded.
This is the famous battle of Jinping underground laboratory.
Students who do not understand cosmology may not know.
In the universe.
There is a planet called SMSS0313-6708.
This is the oldest known extremely metal-poor star in the universe—although it looks similar to the designation, its status is indeed extraordinary,
It is also known as the first generation star, PopIII star or original star.
All the time.
The physics community has no clue about the origin of the calcium abundance in SMSS0313-6708, which makes it difficult for the stellar evolution model to explain many astronomical observation data.
Results in early 2021.
Using the intense proton beam provided by the accelerator, the Jinping Underground Laboratory successfully pushed the breakthrough reaction down from the previous 240keV to the 186keV energy point, touching the Gamow energy region of the first-generation star.
and luckily found a new resonance at 225keV.
Around the temperature of 0.1GK, which is most interesting for the first generation of stars.
The discovery of this new resonance makes the response rate of the breakthrough reaction 5.4~7.4 times greater than the recommended value in the previous NACRE database.
This discovery reduced the uncertainty of the reaction rate around the temperature of 0.1GK from several orders of magnitude to about 50%, which greatly reduced the error introduced by the reaction rate in the calculation of the celestial body network.
This result shortened the origin of calcium abundance in SMSS0313-6708 to a very small area.
So that paper once became a hit in "natrue".
Then Ji Xiangdong led everyone around a corner, sighed, and continued:
"Within one month after the publication of the paper, the traffic flow of the Jinping Tunnel closest to us has doubled."
"Little couples who went camping, went on outdoor adventures, and played wild games came out one after another."
“Even one of our project team members was robbed by robbers at his home in Rongcheng.”
said.
Ji Xiangdong's mouth curled up in a mocking arc, and he spread his hands towards everyone:
"In 2021, Rongcheng, burglary, don't these three words go against harmony?"
"But sadly, it's true."
"Oh, by the way, isn't there a Jinping Hydropower Station with a dam height of more than 300 meters next to us? Its volume can also be ranked first in China."
"Almost every once in a while, our security department can get some gadgets in it."
“.”
Listening to the situation introduced by Ji Xiangdong, everyone was silent.
Xu Yun also sighed in his heart.
As a member of Chengfei, although he was engaged in theoretical physics rather than military projects, he also knows how many eyes and ears there are across the sea in Sichuan and Sichuan.
All the time.
The land of Sichuan and Shu is a key area coveted by XXism.
For example, the previous consulate in China was located in Chengdu.
This is not to say that the people of Sichuan and Shu are easily corrupted, but because the strategic value of Sichuan and Shu is too high.
With the deep layout of the third line, Sichuan and Shu now have a strong reserve force:
Sichuan and Chongqing have a population of about 120 million and have a complete higher education system that can train high-level talents;
There are many scientific research institutes, including the most cutting-edge nuclear physics research institutions, which can manufacture all existing nuclear weapons;
Has a huge scientific research infrastructure, such as wind tunnel groups, including hypersonic shock wave wind tunnel;
There are a large number of heavy industries, including Erzhong, Chengfei, Dongqi and conventional military industrial groups, which can produce 10 or even 20 cutting-edge weapons;
In addition, Sichuan and Chongqing also have aerospace bases that can launch satellites;
Even more terrifying.
The heavy industry in Sichuan and Chongqing also has its own raw material base. PZH produces vanadium and titanium steel, which is transported to Chengdu and other places by railway
So it can be said that.
No matter how serious the situation is.
As long as Sichuan and Chongqing are still there.
It can recycle itself without relying on external resources, and continuously deliver materials and soldiers to theaters outside Sichuan.
The industrialization of the Chinese nation is still advancing and will not be interrupted.
So it has always been.
Sichuan and Chongqing are the focus of XXism.
The Jinping underground laboratory is the most important thing to pay attention to.
Seeing that the atmosphere is a bit dull.
Ji Xiangdong thought for a while, then changed the subject again:
"Okay, everyone, let's not talk about the past, let me introduce to you some of the current situation of our laboratory."
"The position we are in now is an auxiliary experimental platform on the ground, which is mainly responsible for some data management, analysis and component processing-didn't I say it before, the Jinping Hydropower Station is near us, and the cost of hydroelectric power is very cheap, so the configuration of the computer room is also very good. huge."
"Under our feet, there are three major modules: the underground ultra-low background analysis and test platform, the ultra-low radiation background shielding platform, and the underground laboratory comprehensive operation support platform."
"As for the subdivision under the module, I won't introduce much. It's roughly the measurement device of the microbeck level, as well as the large-scale cryogenic liquid nitrogen radiation shielding device and so on."
During the conversation.
Ji Xiangdong led everyone through a blue and white simple house located inside the tunnel.
The simple house has three floors, and each floor has about nine rooms. You can see that the lights of several houses are on.
"This is the rest room of our above-ground experimental platform, and it can be regarded as a temporary residence for researchers."
Ji Xiangdong came to the side of the simple house and touched the outer wall of the simple house:
"The above-ground laboratory uses groundwater as a cooling source for temperature control. The experimental hall is kept at about 25 degrees Celsius, and the ambient humidity is generally less than 65%."
"At the same time, there are airtight doors installed at the connection between here and the tunnels, so there is no need to worry about affecting the cleanliness."
"Although our laboratory has set up guest houses and hotels, everyone knows about scientific research, and it is impossible to be too comfortable."
"Here, the room on the far right on the third floor is my nearest shack."
I don't know if it's because the voice is a bit loud.
Not long after Ji Xiangdong finished speaking, a young man's head popped out from the room closest to everyone.
This person's hair is a bit messy, he is wearing pajamas, and his expression looks dazed, as if he just woke up.
Seeing that it was Ji Xiangdong, he said hello to Professor Ji, then yawned again and returned to the room.
In the other nearby simple houses, there were also faint snoring sounds.
I don't know if they didn't wake up in the morning, or they just finished some tasks and fell asleep.
See this scenario.
Everyone subconsciously slowed down their movements and walked carefully through the simple house.
Then everyone went straight all the way, and soon came to the No. 2 auxiliary channel.
Although the depth of the Jinping underground laboratory is not as exaggerated as 2,400 meters, not all areas are above the water level.
The connecting ports to the next floor are three auxiliary passages.
In addition to the three modules introduced by Ji Xiangdong, the underground laboratory is divided into four laboratory halls according to their functions.
First is Lab Hall A.
It is mainly responsible for astrophysics, and it is further divided into two areas, A1 and A2.
Then Lab Hall B.
Mainly responsible for the normal temperature water shielding in the dark matter physics experiment, subdivided into B1, B2, B3 and B4.
Next is Lab Hall C.
Responsible for the low-temperature liquid xenon shielding in the dark matter physics experiment, subdivided into C1 and C2.
The last is the test hall D.
Among them, D2 is responsible for neutrino experiments, and D1 is confidential.
The combined area of the four laboratory halls exceeds 40,000 square meters.
The regulations of this scientific research base are very strict. If there are no relevant procedures, it is difficult for even academicians to go to other laboratories.
So after leaving the auxiliary channel.
Ji Xiangdong led everyone straight to the test hall B.
However, when passing the entrance of laboratory A2, Ji Xiangdong hesitated for a moment, and still revealed a message to everyone:
"Here, I can reveal something that is not particularly confidential. If there is no accident, it is not clear how long it will be after a while. In short, there will be a new achievement in astrophysics in the near future."
"New achievement?"
Academician Pan looked at his good friend curiously, with a trace of curiosity in his eyes, and asked:
"Old Ji, can you tell me more about it?"
Ji Xiangdong shook his head:
"In short, it has something to do with the evolution of stars. Don't let me talk too much about the specifics. You will know when the time comes."
Academician Pan said thoughtfully, but didn't ask any further questions.
As the current leader in the domestic amount of credit, he is still very clear about these rules.
If there are so many academicians present, it cannot be said, so it is indeed classified as confidential.
Then Ji Xiangdong led the crowd for a short distance, and finally came to a silver-white laboratory.
The entrance to this laboratory is somewhat similar to the door of the victory team headquarters in Ultraman Tiga. It is more than two meters high and consists of two metal door panels that can be opened and closed.
After swiping the card, iris, and fingerprint to unlock.
Everyone quickly entered.
Lab B1.
The interior of laboratory B1 is a closed space with open ground but limited height. The floor height is estimated to be only seven or eight meters, and the ground is a circle with a diameter of about 50 meters.
More critically.
The ground where everyone stepped on is transparent below.
That's right.
transparent.
Visible through clear compartment.
A hemispherical object is placed in the area on the lower level. Small protrusions with a diameter of about 30 centimeters are densely distributed on the surface of the object—specifically, it can be imagined as a eating bowl turned upside down on the table. Covered with a piece of paper, everyone stood on this piece of paper.
As for those fine and small bumps, students with intensive phobia are not recommended to imagine.
It was still Ji Xiangdong who introduced:
"As you can see, this device is the PandaX sub-item of the CJPLI project, and it is also the module I am in charge of now."
Ji Xiangdong came to the middle of the ground while talking, and stepped **** the transparent compartment:
"The dark matter detector we use below is the target material is a 4,000-ton water-based liquid scintillator, which can detect CNO solar neutrinos at a significant level of 5σ."
"4,000 tons of liquid flash, which can be ranked among the top three in the world."
"For example, in the Borexino neutrino experiment of GranSasso National Laboratory in Italy, the target material of the Borexino detector is 278 tons of high-purity liquid scintillation + 1000 tons of pure organic solvent buffer + 2400 tons of ultra-high-purity water."
"Although the total mass is not much different from 4,000 tons, it is at least 4 gears behind us in terms of magnitude."
Hear this statement.
An old academician with a cane and gray hair raised his hand:
"Chicken, if your equipment captures neutrinos, how much can you capture in a year?"
Ji Xiangdong thought for a while, and quickly reported a number:
"According to the values of previous years, we can provide more than 100 earth neutrinos every year—at least 100."
Hear this statement.
Including Mr. Wang, all the big shots nodded slightly.
The main research direction of Jinping's basement laboratory is dark matter, and neutrino research is not the primary focus—this can be seen from the full name.
There are currently two domestic bases specializing in neutrinos, namely the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experimental Base and the Jiangmen Neutrino Experimental Station.
The liquid scintillation level of these two professional bases can even reach 20,000 tons, and the number of neutrinos captured is almost the same as that of Kamioka.
certainly.
Here only refers to the quantity.
There is indeed a big gap between us and Little Life in neutrino research. This gap belongs to the accumulation of achievements, and it cannot be made up by reaching the standard of accuracy.
Facing the gap and trying to catch up, this is the correct approach.
all in all.
C1 laboratory can capture 100 earth neutrinos under the condition of 4000 tons of liquid flash, this efficiency can already be regarded as very high.
Then Ji Xiangdong pointed to his right side and continued:
"As for our next door is the CDEX cooperation group of Mizuki, led by Professor Yue Qian, who is the current director of the Physical Science Department of our laboratory."
"However, the 'Pangu' 10-kilogram high-purity germanium detector system that Professor Yue Qian is currently in charge of is in a critical period. During this period, I will be unable to get away for a while, so I ask everyone to apologize."
Everyone expressed their understanding very kindly.
CDEX and PandaX are both one of the two sub-projects under the first phase of the CJPLI project of Jinping Laboratory, and they are also the only two sub-projects.
The former is codenamed Pangu.
The latter is codenamed Panda.
Among them, the high-purity germanium detector, the core device of the Shuimu University project team, is also the world's first high-purity germanium detector with a kilogram-level point electrode.
It can carry out dark matter detection research in the light mass region in the hot energy region of dark matter research with a mass less than 10GeV.
Year 2014.
The CDEX experimental group obtained the most sensitive experimental results of similar detectors in the energy region below 10GeV, excluding the area where dark matter exists that the CoGeNT experimental group on the opposite side of the sea has claimed for many years.
Well, then the Shuimu campus network was attacked a few days later.
However, the equipment of CDEX is not so big. Its prototype is only one ton, and its appearance looks like the common public toilets in the park.
PandaX.
is based on liquid xenon technology.
When dark matter collides with xenon atoms, the xenon atoms will emit light and generate free electrons, which is also a very feasible idea.
One of the reasons why neutrinos are called hot dark matter is that they have a probability of colliding with xenon atoms to emit light—but the probability is very low.
Today, Ji Xiangdong and others are going to use the detection method.
Naturally, it is liquid flash.
Note:
Yesterday, it was 10,600, and today it was slightly less. The load on the fingers was too heavy. It should be the same in the future, that is, 10,000 and 8,000 a day, so that I can have some time to do finger acupuncture.
Ask for a monthly pass!
(end of this chapter)
