MTL - Into Unscientific-Chapter 445 Three things in the history of modern Chinese physics (this book
Chapter 445 A few things about the history of modern Chinese physics (this chapter has a lot of popular science, it is recommended to subscribe carefully)
“.”
Live live.
Looking at the applause that lasted for a full minute.
Academician Pan's expression remained calm.
But his back molars had already firmly bit the inner wall of the lip cavity, and his hands were also tightly holding the edge of the podium.
The eyes of Zhou Shaoping, Zhao Zhengguo and others under the stage were already filled with a layer of mist.
As the second and third generation physicists of New China.
They have waited too long for this day
In 2022.
Relying on many industrial web articles such as "Great Power Heavy Industry", "Industrial Overlord" and "Material Empire", many people have more or less understood the early industrial history of China.
One mentions that era.
Many people have images of blood, tears, tragedy, and inspiration in their minds.
Although most people still don’t have a deep understanding of that industry, they still have some relevant concepts and know that it is an epic history.
But what few people understand is.
The history of physics in China is even more tragic than the history of industry.
Different from the many founders in the industrial circle, there are only three founders in the history of modern Chinese physics.
are Ye Qisun, Wu Youxun, and Academician Zhao Zhongyao respectively.
Among them, Mr. Ye Qisun is more sensitive, so I won’t go into details here.
Academician Wu Youxun was born in 1897. He went to the University of Chicago to study physics in January 1922. In 1923, he met his mentor Arthur Compton.
Academician Wu Youxun once made a very important contribution in the process of establishing the Compton scattering image—he spent several months independently measuring the X-ray scattering of various scatterers, thus rejecting the triple radiation hypothesis.
Then in early 1925.
Compton officially announced the experimental results on X-ray scattering spectroscopy.
At that time, Professor Bridgman, a well-known physical experimenter at Harvard University, personally conducted experiments on the "Compton effect" many times, but failed to obtain the expected results. Doubts about the Dayton effect.
Later, it was still Academician Wu Youxun who assisted Compton in conducting a public test on the scattering of fifteen kinds of elements, and this result was confirmed.
It was for this achievement that Compton won the Nobel Prize in 1927.
Compton spoke highly of Wu Youxun's work in the book "The Theory and Experiment of X-rays" published in 1926.
He also juxtaposed an X-ray spectrum diagram of Wu Youxun scattered by 15 elements and his own X-ray spectrum diagram scattered by graphite as the main basis for confirming his theory. (The original image is a scanned version in Saint Louis University Online Library)
Therefore, before 1950, the Compton effect was generally called the Compton-Wu Youjian effect in the world.
But after academician Wu Youxun returned to China to participate in a plenary meeting, he decided to participate in the construction of basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics and chemistry.
The Compton-Wu Youxun effect disappeared in an instant just like Kan Yeh on the Internet.
It was replaced by the Compton effect, even though Compton himself made many protests, it was still useless.
After returning home.
Academician Wu Youxun formally formulated the long-term scientific research plan in 1956, and condensed many major projects such as atomic energy, computers, semiconductors, computational and statistical mathematics, and aeronautical mechanics, which belonged to the real "National Teacher".
In terms of students, the famous Mr. Wei Chang is his student.
In addition, Feng Duan, Hu Hongwen, Wang Zhuxi, Ge Tingsui, Peng Huanwu, Yu Ruihuang, Huang Kun and many other second-generation academicians have also been cultivated, which belong to the concept of the founder of the standard.
Nowadays, there is another physics award in China, the name is Wu Youxun Award.
However, although Academician Wu Youxun has made great achievements, he relatively focuses on the formulation and research of policies.
If you talk about equipment development and implementation, you must mention another person.
That is, the last of the three founders, academician Zhao Zhongyao.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao was born in 1902. He studied at the California Institute of Technology when he was in college, and studied under the president of the school and Nobel Prize winner Professor Milligan.
At that time, Academician Zhao Zhongyao took the risk of angering Millikan and got a challenging experimental topic.
After more than a year of painstaking research day and night, Zhao Zhongyao discovered the abnormal absorption and special radiation produced by hard gamma rays when they pass through heavy matter.
and wrote this important discovery into two papers, which were published in May and October 1930—yes, "nature" was published in 1930
This is actually the earliest experimental evidence of the generation and annihilation process of electron-positron pairs, which was finally perfected by Rutherford, and the Nobel Prize was awarded to Rutherford.
Autumn 1931.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao learned of the September 18th Incident in China, and resolutely returned to China to teach at Shuimu University.
The first batch of students he taught were Wang Ganchang, Zhou Tongqing and Shi Shiyuan.
Subsequently trained Zhao Jiuzhang, Peng Huanwu, Qian Sanqiang, Wang Daheng, Chen Fangyun, Zhu Guangya, Academician Deng and others.
China's first nuclear physics laboratory, the first electrostatic accelerator, the Department of Modern Physics of the University of Science and Technology, the Institute of High Energy Physics, etc. are all from the hands of old academician Zhao Zhongyao.
The dragon chant in Ximo back then was the painstaking effort of Academician Zhao Zhongyao.
It is a pity that academician Zhao Zhongyao passed away in 1998, and he did not last until the day when the two bombs and one star medals were issued.
The same pity as Academician Zhao Zhongyao is his student, Academician Wang Ganchang who is only 5 years younger than him.
Academician Wang Ganchang participated in the experimental research and organizational leadership of China's atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb principle breakthrough and nuclear weapon development.
At that time, academician Wang Ganchang changed his name to Wang Jing, and kept his anonymity for 14 years.
In "Born Out of the Sky", a movie about two bombs and one star hero, there is a line that must have impressed many people:
"Are you willing to remain anonymous for the rest of your life?"
In real history, the first person who was asked this sentence was Academician Wang Ganchang.
Regrettably.
In the summer of 1997, the 90-year-old Academician Wang Ganchang was suddenly hit by an anonymous cyclist and seriously injured.
Academician Wang Ganchang was ill for half a year because of a broken leg bone, and his wife passed away, and finally died in 1998.
The time when the two meritorious academicians passed away was only a few months away from the time when the two bombs and one star medals were issued, which is really regrettable.
Of course.
Since academician Zhao Zhongyao was mentioned, here is a rumor by the way.
Nowadays, many marketing accounts on the Internet mention academician Zhao Zhongyao, and they will inevitably mention a story:
Academician Zhao Zhongyao, in order to prevent 50 mg of radium from Shuimu University from falling into the hands of devils during the Anti-Japanese War, specially dressed as a beggar, brought radium to Kunming in a lead can, and delivered it to President Mei Yiqi in Changsha .
Some marketing accounts will also be accompanied by a black and white photo of a beggar, saying that this is the image taken at the school gate in Changsha.
What would be written even more outrageously [In order to avoid inspection, he often took small paths, crossed thorny jungles, trekked mountains and rivers, and once almost slipped and fell into the rolling river].
Or Changsha’s security guards stopped Academician Zhao Zhongyao. It happened that Principal Mei Yiqi came out at that time. Zhao Zhongyao called out to Principal Mei in a hoarse voice. The two shook hands excitedly and handed over the lead pot with tears streaming down their faces.
And what is the truth?
Unfortunately.
Academician Zhao Zhongyao never escorted radium.
The photo widely circulated on the Internet is a photo of a beggar in Shanghai before liberation. As for the story of escorting Radium?
The protagonist of this incident is Yan Yuchang, a technician who stayed on campus at the Physics Department of Shuimu University, and one of the famous martyrs.
At that time, he was with the cooperation of the workers.
First transferred the radium to his home, then managed to send it to Jinmen, and handed it over to Professor Ye Qisun, making it play an important role in the teaching and scientific research of Southwest Associated University. (tsinghua.org.cn/info/1952/17601.htm, you can access it by adding www in front, this is the history of Shuimu University Alumni Association official website, in the second paragraph of "Japanese invaders in Tsinghua University" record has it)
So I don’t know what kind of mentality the person who made this kind of rumor is, using other people’s stories to create second-hand self-moving.
Even if there is no such thing, Academician Zhao Zhongyao's status and contribution are already very lofty.
Not to mention that Mr. Yan Yuchang has been making landmines for the Jizhong Supply Department. He is the soul of the vigorous "landmine warfare" in the Jizhong Plain. He died heroically after being captured in 1942.
It is really shameless that the deeds of such a martyr have been erased and grafted by some marketing accounts. (After I finished writing this episode, I realized that it took up a large section, but after thinking about it, I decided not to delete it. It introduced so many stories about foreign modern physics. I think it is necessary to write some of our own history of modern physics.)
The topic returns to the original place.
In addition to his actual contributions, academician Zhao Zhongyao is best known for his long-term vision.
Perhaps it was because both he and Mr. Qian had been restricted from personal freedom across the sea.
After Academician Zhao Zhongyao returned to China, he always regarded the opposite side of the sea as an imaginary enemy.
At the same time, on the day when the Department of Modern Physics of the University of Science and Technology of China was established, he said a famous sentence.
At that time, he was holding a handful of sand in his hand, and said to the stage:
"See these (sands)? Compared with aircraft and cannons, we should pay more attention to areas smaller than sand."
“In a few decades, let alone let us study the sand on the other side of the sea, they probably won’t even give us the chance to hold the sand.”
Everyone knows the later story.
China has developed the atomic bomb and even the hydrogen bomb.
The Heavenly Palace flew up to the sky, and Chang'e landed in Guanghan.
But only in the field of high-energy physics, Huaxia has no say in the slightest.
One ∧ symbol can shout out an unknown number of accents.
What Lambda, Namuda, and even Kabuda are out
So here and now.
What Zhou Shaoping and others are excited about is not simply the recognition of their achievements, nor is it because this year will be the first Nobel Laureate in Physics who was of Chinese nationality when he won the award.
but because
The seal that has been on Huaxia for more than 70 years has been completely lifted.
When you mention dark matter in the future, you must mention China!
At the same time, those neutral or even friendly institutions, especially some laboratories that specialize in dark matter research that are different from the Liner Laboratory, but have needs for dark matter or dark energy, must also accept the love of the Chinese physics community.
Don't think this kind of affection is of little use in the scientific world.
For the European and American scientific circles where admission recommendation letters outweigh grades, a favor of this nature is priceless.
Other than that.
The mobilization of national scientific research sentiment by this news is also inestimable.
Due to some external smears and internal problems in recent years, the Chinese scientific research circle has a poor reputation in the public opinion, which can be said to be second only to the national football and entertainment circles.
But just like a lot of news about the national football team is actually distorted, there are also a lot of misunderstandings in the Chinese scientific research circle.
Indeed.
In recent years, there have indeed been some news involving academic misconduct by academicians, or **** transactions.
However, from January 2019 to January 2023, the number of academicians who broke out academic misconduct or pornographic news in the four years was only four.
How many academicians are there in China?
1700 people!
There was a saying a long time ago:
In any matter, it is very unfair to use an example to deny a group.
I don’t know how many academicians who devote themselves to scientific research are turned into rice bugs by AOE for no reason.
But if you explain this kind of thing, people will answer you with a sentence:
Why doesn't China produce top results?
This sentence is actually wrong in essence. It is not that there are no first-class achievements in China, but many achievements are simply incomprehensible to the public
For example, the measurement results of the neutrino oscillation matrix angle in Daya Bay mentioned twice before were released just a few months ago, which shocked the industry.
How many ordinary people know?
There is also the abnormal Hall effect, which is also a Nobel Prize-winning achievement. (Everyone can keep an eye out, these two achievements are really amazing, maybe I can really win the Nobel Prize in a few years, and I will be a prophet by then, jie jie jie)
But from a broader perspective, this sentence is actually true:
China does not have the top achievements that the public is familiar with.
But now with the discovery of dark matter, this problem will be solved.
At least during the period of three to five years, the heat of physics will be relatively high.
There will be more people jumping into this pit. Ahem, step into this field.
Just like Liu Xiang and Yao Ming back then.
Of course.
This kind of situation is bound to give birth to many false research groups to cheat funds, but this is not an issue that needs to be considered now. It is Hou Xingyuan and those high-level academicians who need to worry.
Then Academician Pan took a deep breath and forced himself to calm down.
At this time, the press conference is still completely over, and there is absolutely no way to open champagne at halftime. AC Milan is still hanging on the pillar of shame and staring at the next unlucky guy.
After the whole person calms down.
Academician Pan looked around, straightened the microphone, and asked the people below the stage:
"Mr. Millsap, do you have any doubts about this result?"
The Millsap mentioned by Academician Pan is a little old man in his seventies, dressed in a neat and elegant suit, from Gaulwesen Laboratory.
Different from CERN and Liner labs.
In the previous research process, or to be more precise, from the day the Chinese Academy of Sciences issued the announcement, the Weisen Laboratory has shown strong hostility and distrust towards the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
At that time, they posted an upside-down thumbs and a clown emoticon on the official Twitter, and their attitude was self-evident.
Now that many participants have stood up and applauded to express their views, Academician Pan's question is undoubtedly a humiliation to Millsap.
Of course.
The Academy of Sciences really needs to get the words of these representatives who personally admit it, so that it can be regarded as nailing the matter to death.
“.”
Below the podium.
Looking at Academician Pan who was looking at him with a smile on his face, the muscles on Millsap's face twitched a few times.
Millsap's full name is Millsap Andre Octave. His ancestors counted up to five generations, and he was Luc Andre Octave who massacred the third most civilians in the Gaul coalition during the Eight Nations invasion of China. Octave.
Based on incomplete statistics.
Luc André Octave killed no less than 70 civilians during the entire invasion and looted a large number of cultural relics from the Forbidden City, including the jade ruyi that was auctioned by Christie's in 1994 - the auction at that time The author was none other than Millsap Andre Octave.
So sometimes I really have to lament the magic of certain things, and the coincidence is even more amazing than the plot of the novel.
Atsuto Suzuki is like this.
So did Millsap Andre Octave.
But at this time, Millsap Andre Octave didn't feel the slightest joy in his heart, but was filled with strong anger and embarrassment.
Why?
Why did these Chinese people really find dark matter?
them
also match?
However, even though there were countless dissatisfaction in his heart, Millsap André Octave at this time could only be like Louis XVI, watching the guillotine fall but unable to resist.
after all
He is not representing himself at this time, but the Weisen Laboratory and the Gaul scientific community.
Think here.
Millsap Andre Octave couldn't help but clenched his fist, took a deep breath, and said to Academician Pan:
"Yes, Pan, there is no problem with the experiment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, you have discovered the real dark matter."
There was a burst of sparse applause at the scene, barely giving him some face.
Academician Pan thanked Millsap Andre Octave graciously, and then looked at another representative across the sea:
"Ms. Linna, what do you think?"
The participant named Linna is a woman in her fifties who still has charm, and she comes from the Kentucky-Polbo Laboratory across the sea.
From Academician Pan’s question order, it is not difficult to see that Kentucky-Polpo Laboratory’s attitude towards China is obviously not much better.
But compared to Millsap, Linna's skin is obviously much thicker.
She slowly stood up from her seat, and said with a 'sincere' face:
"Mr. Pan, the experiment process of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is indeed an eye-opener. I am honored to congratulate the Chinese Academy of Sciences on behalf of the Kentucky-Polbo Laboratory. You have opened the door to dark matter for the physics community with your body."
Hear this statement.
Xu Yun in the audience couldn't help curling his lips.
As expected of the old hag across the sea, she is quite disgusting when she gets angry.
The words "open the door with your body" are not good words on the Huaxia Internet today.
However, no matter how many personal feelings Linna stuffed and how unwilling she was, at least she did express her position on the main body of the content.
Therefore, Academician Pan did not delve too deeply into it, but continued to look at the third person:
"Mr. Apeche"
that's it.
Academician Pan asked each person one by one. The people he called had different expressions, but they could only helplessly agree.
After all, the results of the Academy of Sciences this time are really too hard.
More than ten minutes later.
Academician Pan, who was quite refreshed, couldn't restrain the smile from the corner of his mouth any longer, and looked towards the audience with a happy face.
Things have come to this point.
He can finally breathe a sigh of relief and say that his mission is complete.
Then, as long as it is simply finished, the rest of the link can be handed over to Hou Xingyuan.
After that, there are some interview sessions.
At that time, academicians Zhao Zhengguo and Zhou Shaoping will also appear one by one, just like the press conferences of CERN and Kamioka.
This is the honor that each of them deserves.
As for the accident
joke.
At this point, what surprises will there be?
If an accident really happened, he would go and chew the ax that John Ellis was carrying on the spot!
Then Academician Pan took a deep breath and prepared to make a conclusion:
"Ladies and gentlemen, audience friends, now I."
As a result, the words were not finished.
A standard American male voice sounded from the audience:
"Excuse Q Simi, Mr. Pan, may I take the liberty to interrupt you?"
Note:
This year’s Chinese New Year will be spent in the hospital again, hey
(end of this chapter)
